(12) In a number of NENA dialects the newest preterite out of Group II Schau hier verbs has actually an effective vocalism (m)CoCiC- otherwise (m)CuCiC- with no predecessor in the previous dialects. Noldeke (1868, 213) ideal the progressive mode are regarding this new Hebrew pual. Examples: Aradhin mbusille ‘he cooked’ (Krotkoff 1982, 136), Tkhuma mso:re:li ‘I began’, Jilu +poltele ‘he grabbed they out’ (Fox 1992, 54). Forms having o or u was missing exterior NENA and just have in lots of of your own NENA languages: Hertevin, Sanandaj Religious, and you will Halabja: Halabja bqirraxun ‘you (pl.) asked’, Hertevin bqerre ‘he asked’ (Jastrow 1988, 206).
(13) All round introduce is noted by the an effective prefix in every NENA but Hertevin plus Mandaic as well as in Turoyo. The new prefix requires certainly about three variations: (a) k- to the most of the verbs (cutting-edge to help you c- into the Urmi, offered to ko- ahead of consonants inside the Turoyo, along with Zakho to-be g- prior to a voiced phoneme); (b) k- but simply into a small group of verbs (with a few voicing assimilation and frequently most other change as well); or (c) i- on all of the verbs.
Examples: (a) Zakho k-xaze ‘he sees’, g-emir ‘he says’ (Meehan and you may Alon 1979, 182), Urmi csader ‘he sends’ (Hetzron 1969, 115), Turoyo kohoze ‘he sees’, Tisqopa ksaqIl ‘he takes’ (Rubba, personal correspondence); (b) Halabja k-ImrIx-wa ‘we would say’, however, doqIx-wa-le ‘we would to see it’, Azerbaijan k-xil ‘he takes, will eat’, but sate ‘he beverages, commonly, could possibly get drink’ (Garbell 1965, 66, 67); (c) Aradhin we-zare:la ‘he tills it’ (Krotkoff 1982, 70), Jilu i-napli baro ‘they chase her’ (Fox 1992, 55).
The fresh k- prefix is apparently a success of the prefix qa- away from BT, as with this new common qatane ‘he teaches’. e ‘stands’. In a number of eastern dialects this new distribution out of k- has been limited to a tiny class of verbs (Garbell 1965, 65). In other people, it has got gone away and already been changed of the a unique prefix we-, and therefore most likely originated just like the a lower life expectancy style of we[Theta] ‘there is’.
Examples: Halabja geznawa ta knista ‘I goes to the latest synagogue’, Aradhin tla t-sapri ‘to wait’, Jilu zIlli l-yawa zuze tla da kIcca ‘I went along to render currency to help you a great girl’, Tisqopa [Theta]e:li ta di-mbaslan ‘I (fem
(14) Brand new verb ‘give’ was yehav when you look at the BT, and you can yav inside the Syriac. It has been remade in every NENA languages through the incorporation of one’s after the l- ‘to’. The fresh new crucial, which had been hav during the Syriac and you may BT, try hal (Noldeke 1868, 256) throughout NENA for which I have advice, however from inside the Turoyo otherwise Mandaic.
(15) In all NENA, this new singular essential out of qyama ‘get up’ has lost their latest m: Aradhin qu (Krotkoff 1982, 145), Sanandaj Christian qu (Panoussi, 110). The plural, but not, retains the new m.
(16) In most NENA, the fresh new imperative of (i)zala ‘go’ are unpredictable: Aradhin quand (Krotkoff 1982, 147), Sanandaj Religious state (Panoussi 119), Jilu se, Jewish Azerbaijani au moment ou (Garbell 1965, 285).
(17) Around the NENA, a number of different words are used since ft getting reflexive pronouns such ‘myself’. He is: ruh- within the Hertevin and in Turoyo, nos- on around three easternmost Jewish languages, and you will gyan- in the kept dialects: Hertevin ruhan ‘ourselves’ (Jastrow 1988, 197), Zakho qtala gyane ‘beating himself’ (Meehan and you can Alon 1982, 181), Halabja nosan ‘ourselves’.
So it qa- are in itself good contraction out-of qa?
(18) A unique preposition meaning ‘to’ or ‘for’ which takes the form ta, tla, or tla is widespread, even if perhaps not universal, into the NENA, although not used in Mandaic or Turoyo. ) involved cook’ (Rubba, private telecommunications), Zakho cuxa la psIxle darga tale ‘no one to started the door so you’re able to him’ (Meehan and you will Alon 1979, 182).